传染性犬肝炎

喜羊羊

简介】
　　传染性犬肝炎是一种由1型犬腺病毒（CAV-1）引起的急性肝感染。CAV-1也能使其他动物感染引起疾病，如狼、熊和狐狸。受到感染的犬只的病毒散布于面部、尿液、血液、唾液和鼻分泌物中。病毒最为集中的部位是口和鼻。病毒在扁桃腺中进行自我复制。复制后病毒感染肝脏和肾脏。该疾病潜伏期为4-7天。

　　Infectious canine hepatitis is an acute liver infection in dogs caused by canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1). CAV-1 also causes disease in wolves, coyotes, and bears, and encephalitis in foxes. The virus is spread in the feces, urine, blood, saliva, and nasal discharge of infected dogs. It is contracted through the mouth or nose, where it replicates in the tonsils. The virus then infects the liver and kidneys. The incubation period is 4 to 7 days. 【症状】
　　该疾病的症状有发热、抑郁、厌食、咳嗽和腹部触痛。亦可能出现角膜水肿和肝脏疾病症状，例如黄疸、呕吐和肝性脑病等。严重病例会发展为出血失调，这将引起口中血肿的形成，继而可能发生死亡或肝脏疾病。然而，大多数犬能在短期内恢复，但可能留下慢性角膜水肿和肾脏病变等后遗症。

　　Symptoms include fever, depression, loss of appetite, coughing, and a tender abdomen. Corneal edema and signs of liver disease, such as jaundice, vomiting, and hepatic encephalopathy, may also occur. Severe cases will develop bleeding disorders, which can cause hematomas to form in the mouth. Death can occur secondary to this or the liver disease. However, most dogs recover after a brief illness, although chronic corneal edema and kidney lesions may persist. 【诊断】
　　传染性肝炎通过对症状的辨别以及非正常的血检结果来诊断。血中会出现高滴度的CAV-1病毒。该疾病有可能被误诊为犬细小病毒病，因为未接种疫苗的幼犬在发生这两种疾病均会出现白细胞降低和出血性腹泻。

　　Diagnosis is made by recognizing the combination of symptoms and abnormal blood tests that occur in infectious canine hepatitis. A rising antibody titer to CAV-1 is also seen. The disease can be confused with canine parvovirus because both will cause a low white blood cell count and bloody diarrhea in young, unvaccinated dogs. 【治疗】
　　治疗都是对症的。大多数犬能在不接受治疗的情况下自愈。可以通过接种疫苗来防止该疾病的发生。大多数犬用疫苗含有修饰过的2型犬腺病毒（CAV-2）。CAV-2能引起犬类呼吸系统感染。CAV-2的结构与CAV-1足够相似以至于注射CAV-2能同时使犬只免疫两种犬腺病毒所能引起的疾病。CAV-2疫苗较CAV-1疫苗引起副作用的风险低。一项研究表明，一次接种CAV-2疫苗能使犬只获得长达4年的保护。

　　环境中的CAV-1能通过蒸汽消毒或用季铵盐化合物来灭活。否则，该病毒能在适当的环境中存活数月。感染过该病毒犬只在经治愈后的一年中仍能从其尿液中检测到CAV-1病毒。

　　Treatment is for the symptoms. Most dogs recover spontaneously without treatment. Prevention is through vaccination. Most combination vaccines for dogs contain a modified canine adenovirus type-2. CAV-2 is one of the causes of respiratory infections in dogs, but it is similar enough to CAV-1 that vaccine for one creates immunity for both. CAV-2 vaccine is much less likely to cause side effects than CAV-1 vaccine. One study has shown the vaccine to have a duration of immunity of at least four years.

　　CAV-1 is destroyed in the environment by steam cleaning and quaternary ammonium compounds. Otherwise, the virus can survive in the environment for months in the right conditions. It can also be released in the urine of a recovered dog for up to a year